The History of Minesweeper
A puzzle whose defining rule - a completely safe first move - only became standard once computers, rather than a printed page, could generate a fresh board on demand.
From Mainframes to the Desktop
Minesweeper-style reveal-and-deduce games trace back to the early 1960s and appeared under various names on mainframe and early personal computers through the 1980s, including a 1989 Windows/OS2 version called 'Mined-Out' and several freeware clones with names like 'RLogic' and 'Cube'.
The version that made the game a household name was written by Microsoft's Robert Donner and Curt Johnson for Windows 3.1 in 1992, replacing the earlier Windows game Reversi as the pack-in puzzle meant to teach new users how to use a mouse - left-click and right-click both needed real practice at the time.
Installed on Every Desk
Because Windows shipped on such an overwhelming share of the world's PCs through the 1990s and 2000s, Minesweeper became one of the most-played computer games in history almost by default - installed everywhere, requiring no manual, and playable in the idle minutes between real work.
The guaranteed-safe first click, now considered a core part of the rules, was itself a refinement: the original 1992 version could occasionally kill you on the very first click, a frustration later versions engineered away by deferring mine placement until after that first reveal - the same approach used here.
A Genuinely Hard Puzzle
Beyond the nostalgia, Minesweeper turns out to be mathematically serious: in 2000, Richard Kaye proved that determining whether a given partially-revealed Minesweeper board has a solution consistent with its clues is NP-complete, putting it in the same computational complexity class as notoriously hard problems like the traveling salesman problem.
That result means there's no known shortcut algorithm that always solves an arbitrary Minesweeper position quickly - in the hardest cases, a player (or a computer) may be reduced to a genuine 50/50 guess with no way to deduce the safe cell from logic alone, which is exactly the moment every seasoned player has learned to dread.